پورت چیست؟
برای پاسخ به سوال پورت چیست؟ بهتر است بدانیم که در کل دو نوع پورت سخت افزاری و نرم افزاری داریم. پورت های سخت افزاری به یک نقطه اتصال فیزیکی می گویند که از طریق آن سایر دیوایس ها به کامپیوتر متصل می شوند. پورت های نرم افزاری هم میتواند نقطه اتصال برنامه ای باشند که از طریق آن ترافیک رد و بدل می شود.
شماره پورت چیست؟
در شبکه های کامپیوتری، شماره پورت های شبکه برای برنامه های مختلف استفاده می شود. پورت ها در تمام دستگاه های متصل به شبکه استاندارد شده اند و به هر پورت یک عدد اختصاص داده شده است. بیشتر پورتها برای پروتکل‌های خاصی رزرو شده‌اند (برای مثال، همه پیام‌های پروتکل انتقال ابرمتن (HTTP) به پورت 80 می‌روند).
سه نوع پورت مختلف برای شبکه وجود دارد که عبارتند از:
- Well-known Ports
- Registered Ports
- Dynamic Ports
پورتهای شناخته شده (Well-known Ports)
پورت های شناخته شده که بین 0 تا 1024 هستند و معمولا پروتکل های tcp و udp از این پورت ها استفاده می کنند. در جدول زیر لیست کامل این پورت ها را میتوانید مشاهده کنید:
| شماره پورت | TCP | UDP | نام پورت | توضیحات مربوط به پورت |
| 1 | ✔ | ✔ | tcpmux | TCP port multiplexer |
| 5 | ✔ | ✔ | Crje | Remote job entry |
| 7 | ✔ | ✔ | echo | Echo service |
| 9 | ✔ | ✔ | discard | Zero service for test purposes |
| 11 | ✔ | ✔ | systat | System information |
| 13 | ✔ | ✔ | daytime | Time and date |
| 17 | ✔ | ✔ | qotd | Sends quote of the day |
| 18 | ✔ | ✔ | msp | Sends text messages |
| 19 | ✔ | ✔ | chargen | Sends an infinite character string |
| 20 | ✔ | ftp-data | FTP data transfer | |
| 21 | ✔ | ✔ | ftp | FTP connection |
| 22 | ✔ | ✔ | ssh | Secure Shell Service |
| 23 | ✔ | telnet | Telnet service | |
| 25 | ✔ | smtp | Simple Mail Transfer Protocol | |
| 37 | ✔ | ✔ | time | Machine-readable time protocol |
| 39 | ✔ | ✔ | rlp | Resource location protocol |
| 42 | ✔ | ✔ | nameserver | Name service |
| 43 | ✔ | nicname | WHOIS directory service | |
| 49 | ✔ | ✔ | tacacs | Terminal access controller access control system |
| 50 | ✔ | ✔ | re-mail-ck | Remote mail checking |
| 53 | ✔ | ✔ | domain | DNS name resolver |
| 67 | ✔ | bootps | Bootstrap protocol services | |
| 68 | ✔ | bootpc | Bootstrap client | |
| 69 | ✔ | tftp | Trivial file transfer protocol | |
| 70 | ✔ | gopher | Document search | |
| 71 | ✔ | genius | Genius protocol | |
| 79 | ✔ | finger | Delivers user contact information | |
| 80 | ✔ | http | Hypertext transfer protocol | |
| 81 | ✔ | Torpark: Onion routing (unofficial) | ||
| 82 | ✔ | Torpark: Control (unofficial) | ||
| 88 | ✔ | ✔ | kerberos | Network authentication system |
| 101 | ✔ | hostname | NIC host name | |
| 102 | ✔ | Iso-tsap | ISO TSAP protocol | |
| 105 | ✔ | ✔ | csnet-ns | Mailbox mail server |
| 107 | ✔ | rtelnet | Remote telnet | |
| 109 | ✔ | pop2 | Post office protocol v2 for e-mail communication | |
| 110 | ✔ | pop3 | Post office protocol v3 for e-mail communication | |
| 111 | ✔ | ✔ | sunrpc | RPC protocol for NFS |
| 113 | ✔ | auth | Authentication service | |
| 115 | ✔ | sftp | Simple file transfer protocol | |
| 117 | ✔ | uucp-path | File transfer between Unix systems | |
| 119 | ✔ | nntp | Transfer of messages in news groups | |
| 123 | ✔ | ntp | Time synchronization service | |
| 137 | ✔ | ✔ | netbios-ns | NETBIOS name service |
| 138 | ✔ | ✔ | netbios-dgm | NETBIOS datagram service |
| 139 | ✔ | ✔ | netbios-ssn | NETBIOS session service |
| 143 | ✔ | ✔ | imap | Internet message access protocol for e-mail communication |
| 161 | ✔ | snmp | Simple network management protocol | |
| 162 | ✔ | ✔ | snmptrap | Simple network management protocol trap |
| 177 | ✔ | ✔ | xdmcp | X display manager |
| 179 | ✔ | bgp | Border gateway protocol | |
| 194 | ✔ | ✔ | irc | Internet relay chat |
| 199 | ✔ | ✔ | smux | SNMP UNIX multiplexer |
| 201 | ✔ | ✔ | at-rtmp | AppleTalk routing |
| 209 | ✔ | ✔ | qmtp | Quick mail transfer protocol |
| 210 | ✔ | ✔ | z39.50 | Bibliographic information system |
| 213 | ✔ | ✔ | ipx | Internetwork packet exchange |
| 220 | ✔ | ✔ | imap3 | IMAP v3 for e-mail communication |
| 369 | ✔ | ✔ | rpc2portmap | Coda file system port mapper |
| 370 | ✔ | ✔ | codaauth2 | Coda file system authentication service |
| 389 | ✔ | ✔ | ldap | Lightweight directory access protocol |
| 427 | ✔ | ✔ | svrloc | Service location protocol |
| 443 | ✔ | https | HTTPS (HTTP over SSL/TLS) | |
| 444 | ✔ | ✔ | snpp | Simple network paging protocol |
| 445 | ✔ | microsoft-ds | SMB over TCP/IP | |
| 464 | ✔ | ✔ | kpasswd | Kerberos password change |
| 500 | ✔ | isakmp | Security protocol | |
| 512 | ✔ | exec | Remote process execution | |
| 512 | ✔ | comsat/biff | Mail client and server | |
| 513 | ✔ | login | Login to remote computer | |
| 513 | ✔ | who | Whod user logging daemon | |
| 514 | ✔ | shell | Remote shell | |
| 514 | ✔ | syslog | Unix system logging service | |
| 515 | ✔ | printer | Line printer daemon print services | |
| 517 | ✔ | talk | Talk remote calling | |
| 518 | ✔ | ntalk | Network talk | |
| 520 | ✔ | efs | Extended file name server | |
| 520 | ✔ | router | Routing information protocol | |
| 521 | ✔ | ripng | Routing information protocol for IPv6 | |
| 525 | ✔ | timed | Time server | |
| 530 | ✔ | ✔ | courier | Courier remote procedure call |
| 531 | ✔ | ✔ | conference | Chat over AIM and IRC |
| 532 | ✔ | netnews | Netnews newsgroup service | |
| 533 | ✔ | netwall | Emergency broadcasts | |
| 540 | ✔ | uucp | Unix-to-Unix copy protocol | |
| 543 | ✔ | klogin | Kerberos v5 remote login | |
| 544 | ✔ | kshell | Kerberos v5 remote shell | |
| 546 | ✔ | ✔ | dhcpv6-client | DHCP v6 client |
| 547 | ✔ | ✔ | dhcpv6-server | DHCP v6 server |
| 548 | ✔ | afpovertcp | Apple filing protocol over TCP | |
| 554 | ✔ | ✔ | rtsp | Real time streaming protocol |
| 556 | ✔ | remotefs | Remote file system | |
| 563 | ✔ | ✔ | nntps | NNTP over SSL/TLS |
| 587 | ✔ | submission | MessCage submission agent | |
| 631 | ✔ | ✔ | ipp | Internet printing protocol |
| 631 | ✔ | ✔ | Common Unix printing system (unofficial) | |
| 636 | ✔ | ✔ | ldaps | LDAP over SSL/TLS |
| 674 | ✔ | acap | Application configuration access protocol | |
| 694 | ✔ | ✔ | ha-cluster | Heartbeat service |
| 749 | ✔ | ✔ | kerberos-adm | Kerberos v5 administration |
| 750 | ✔ | kerberos-iv | Kerberos v4 services | |
| 873 | ✔ | rsync | rsync file transfer services | |
| 992 | ✔ | ✔ | telnets | Telnet over SSL/TLS |
| 993 | ✔ | imaps | IMAP over SSL/TLS | |
| 995 | ✔ | pop3s | POP3 over SSL/TLS |
پورتهای ثبت شده (Registered Ports)
سری دوم، پورت های ثبت شده بین 1024 و 49151 هستند. این پورت ها توسط IANA برای خدمات خاص اختصاص داده شده است. لیست زیر این پورت ها را به طور کامل نشان می دهد:
| شماره پورت | TCP | UDP | نام پورت | توضیحات مربوط به پورت |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1080 | ✔ | socks | SOCKS proxy | |
| 1433 | ✔ | ms-sql-s | Microsoft SQL server | |
| 1434 | ✔ | ✔ | ms-sql-m | Microsoft SQL monitor |
| 1494 | ✔ | ica | Citrix ICA client | |
| 1512 | ✔ | ✔ | wins | Windows internet name service |
| 1524 | ✔ | ✔ | ingreslock | Ingres DBMS |
| 1701 | ✔ | l2tp | Layer 2 tunneling protocol/Layer 2 forwarding | |
| 1719 | ✔ | h323gatestat | H.323 | |
| 1720 | ✔ | h323hostcall | H.323 | |
| 1812 | ✔ | ✔ | radius | RADIUS authentication |
| 1813 | ✔ | ✔ | radius-acct | RADIUS access |
| 1985 | ✔ | hsrp | Cisco HSRP | |
| 2008 | ✔ | Teamspeak 3 accounting (unofficial) | ||
| 2010 | ✔ | Teamspeak 3 web list (unofficial) | ||
| 2049 | ✔ | ✔ | nfs | Network file system |
| 2102 | ✔ | ✔ | zephyr-srv | Zephyr server |
| 2103 | ✔ | ✔ | zephyr-clt | Zephyr client |
| 2104 | ✔ | ✔ | zephyr-hm | Zephyr host manager |
| 2401 | ✔ | cvspserver | Concurrent versions system | |
| 2809 | ✔ | ✔ | corbaloc | Common object request broker architecture |
| 3306 | ✔ | ✔ | mysql | MySQL database service (also for MariaDB) |
| 4321 | ✔ | rwhois | Remote whois service | |
| 5999 | ✔ | cvsup | CVSup | |
| 6000 | ✔ | X11 | X Windows system services | |
| 11371 | ✔ | pgpkeyserver | Public keyserver for PGP | |
| 13720 | ✔ | ✔ | bprd | Symantec/Veritas NetBackup |
| 13721 | ✔ | ✔ | bpdbm | Symantec/Veritas database manager |
| 13724 | ✔ | ✔ | vnetd | Symantec/Veritas network utility |
| 13782 | ✔ | ✔ | bpcd | Symantec/Veritas NetBackup |
| 13783 | ✔ | ✔ | vopied | Symantec/Veritas VOPIE |
| 22273 | ✔ | ✔ | wnn6 | Kana/Kanji conversion |
| 23399 | Skype (unofficial) | |||
| 25565 | ✔ | Minecraft | ||
| 26000 | ✔ | ✔ | quake | Quake and other multiplayer games |
| 27017 | MongoDB | |||
| 33434 | ✔ | ✔ | traceroute | Network tracking |
پورتهای پویا (Dynamic Ports)
آخرین بخش پورت ها در شبکه، پورت های پویا هستند که از 49152 تا 65565 را شامل میشوند. این پورت ها در شبکه و IANA ثبت نشده اند.
نتیجه گیری
در این مقاله به توضیح پورت پرداخته و انواع پورت ها را بررسی کردیم. کسانی که در حوزه های کامپیوتر به خصوص شبکه و امنیت فعالیت دارند، حتما باید این پورت ها را بشناسند.
بیشتر بخوانید:
سلام و خداقوت
یعنی باید تمام این پورتها رو از بر باشیم با جزئیات؟
سلام،
خیر لازم نیست ازبر باشید.
هر وقت لازم داشتین میتونین از اینترنت بردارین.